The wireless monitoring system is always destroyed by the insufficient energy of the sensors in railway. Hence, how to optimize\nthe communication protocol and extend the system lifetime is crucial to ensure the stability of system. However, the existing\nstudies focused primarily on cluster-based or multihop protocols individually, which are ineffective in coping with the complex\ncommunication scenarios in the railway wireless monitoring system (RWMS). This study proposes a hybrid protocol which\ncombines the cluster-based andmultihop protocols (CMCP) to minimize and balance the energy consumption in different sections\nof the RWMS. In the first hierarchy, the total energy consumption is minimized by optimizing the cluster quantities in the clusterbased\nprotocol and the number of hops and the corresponding hop distances in themultihop protocol. In the second hierarchy, the\nenergy consumption is balanced through rotating the cluster head (CH) in the subnetworks and further optimizing the hops and\nthe corresponding hop distances in the backbone network. On this basis, the system lifetime is maximized with the minimum and\nbalance energy consumption among the sensors. Furthermore, the hybrid particle swarmoptimization and genetic algorithm(PSOGA)\nare adopted to optimize the energy consumption fromthe two-layer hierarchy. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed CMCP\nis verified in the simulation. The performances of the proposed CMCP in system lifetime, residual energy, and the corresponding\nvariance are all superior to the LEACH protocol widely applied in the previous research. The effective protocol proposed in this\nstudy can facilitate the application of the wireless monitoring network in the railway system and enhance safety operation of the\nrailway.
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